Tunneling

📦 Encapsulation Encapsulation is the process of wrapping data with the necessary protocol information at each layer of the OSI or TCP/IP model. Each layer adds a header (and sometimes a footer) to the data from the upper layer. Enables modular communication: the lower layers do not need to understand the data they are transporting. 🔄 Example (Sending a Web Page over TCP/IP): Application Layer: HTTP Data Transport Layer: Adds TCP Header → TCP Segment Network Layer: Adds IP Header → IP Packet Data Link Layer: Adds MAC Header/Footer → Frame Physical Layer: Converts to Bits for transmission 🕳 Tunneling Tunneling is a method of encapsulating packets within another protocol to route over a network where the original protocol might not be supported. ...