QoS

🌟 What is Quality of Service (QoS)? QoS refers to a network’s ability to provide predictable service quality — essential for real-time and critical applications (VoIP, video streaming, online gaming). It focuses on managing network resources to meet performance requirements. 📏 Key QoS Metrics Bandwidth – Data transfer capacity of the network. Delay (Latency) – Time for a packet to reach the destination. Jitter – Variation in delay; critical for media quality. Packet Loss – Percentage of packets that fail to reach destination. 🛠 Mechanisms to Ensure QoS Traffic Classification and Prioritization ...

🚦 What is Congestion? Congestion occurs when too much data is sent through the network, overwhelming routers or links, causing: Packet loss Increased delay Throughput degradation It is similar to traffic jams on roads due to excess vehicles. 🧰 Congestion Control Techniques Open-Loop Control Prevention-based No feedback from network Techniques: Traffic shaping, admission control Closed-Loop Control Feedback-based Monitors network to detect congestion Techniques: Retransmission policies Window size adjustment Packet discarding strategies 📉 Indicators of Congestion Packet drops Queue build-up in routers Timeout-based retransmissions TCP slow-start triggering 📊 Algorithms & Mechanisms TCP Congestion Control ...