Multithreading

Runnable Interface The Runnable interface in Java is another way to create and execute threads. It is preferred over extending the Thread class, especially when a class needs to extend another class as Java does not support multiple inheritance. Declaring a Thread with Runnable To use Runnable, implement the interface and pass the object to a Thread. class MyRunnable implements Runnable { public void run() { System.out.println("Runnable thread running..."); } } public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { MyRunnable myRunnable = new MyRunnable(); Thread t = new Thread(myRunnable); t.start(); } } Advantages of Using Runnable Decouples task from thread mechanics. Allows class to extend another class. More flexible in multithreaded applications. Anonymous Runnable Example public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { Thread t = new Thread(new Runnable() { public void run() { System.out.println("Anonymous Runnable running..."); } }); t.start(); } } Functional Interface & Lambda Expression (Java 8+) public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { Runnable r = () -> System.out.println("Lambda Runnable running..."); Thread t = new Thread(r); t.start(); } } 🔗 Related Notes Thread Class Concurrent Programming Exception Handlers

Concurrent Programming Concurrent Programming in Java allows multiple threads to run simultaneously, making programs more efficient and responsive, especially for tasks that are independent or I/O-bound. Why Concurrency? Efficient CPU utilization Better performance in multi-core systems Responsiveness in interactive applications Threads in Java Java supports multithreading through the Thread class and Runnable interface. A thread represents a single sequence of execution within a program. Creating Threads 1. By Extending Thread Class class MyThread extends Thread { public void run() { System.out.println("Thread running..."); } } public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { MyThread t1 = new MyThread(); t1.start(); // Starts a new thread } } 2. By Implementing Runnable Interface class MyRunnable implements Runnable { public void run() { System.out.println("Runnable thread running..."); } } public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { Thread t = new Thread(new MyRunnable()); t.start(); } } Thread Lifecycle New Runnable Running Blocked/Waiting Terminated Synchronization Used to control thread access to shared resources to prevent data inconsistency. ...