IoT

⚡ What is 5G? 5G is the fifth generation of mobile network technology, engineered to deliver ultra-fast, low-latency, and massive device connectivity. It marks a transformative leap from consumer internet to enabling critical infrastructure like autonomous systems and smart cities. 🧩 Key Characteristics Speed: Up to 10 Gbps. Latency: <1 ms. Bands: mmWave, mid-band, low-band. Massive device connectivity: Supports millions of devices/km² (IoT). Network slicing: Custom virtual networks for different needs. 🔭 What Lies Beyond? 6G (expected 2030+): Aims for AI-native networks, terahertz bands, and brain-computer interfaces. Focus on sensing + communication fusion: Smart environments that “feel” and adapt. Quantum networking and space-based coverage (LEO satellites). 🧠 Deep Insight 5G is not just a network — it’s a platform of convergence. It integrates compute, communication, and control in real time. Beyond 5G, we’re stepping into context-aware communication where the boundary between the digital and physical erodes. ...

Personal Area Network (PAN) A Personal Area Network (PAN) is a small-scale network typically used to connect devices within a very limited area, such as a single room or a few meters around a person. It is primarily used for personal devices like smartphones, laptops, tablets, smartwatches, printers, and other gadgets, enabling them to communicate with each other. 🔹 Key Characteristics of PAN Geographical Scope: Very short range (usually < 10 meters). Ownership: Fully personal and user-managed. Data Transfer Speed: Varies — from a few Kbps (classic Bluetooth) to over 24 Mbps (Bluetooth 5.0+). Connectivity Medium: Primarily wireless (Bluetooth, IR, ZigBee); sometimes wired (USB). Use Case: Connecting personal devices like smartphones, tablets, headsets, smartwatches, laptops. 🔹 Types of PAN 1. Wired PAN (WPAN) A Wired Personal Area Network (WPAN) uses physical cables to connect devices. The most common example is a USB (Universal Serial Bus) network, which connects devices like printers, storage devices, and audio systems to computers. ...