Congestion Control

📊 Network Performance Issues Network performance is essential to the efficiency and reliability of communication systems. The following are common performance issues that affect network communication: Latency: The delay in transmitting data from source to destination. Throughput: The rate at which data is successfully transferred from sender to receiver. Packet Loss: Loss of data packets during transmission, causing retransmissions. Jitter: Variations in the delay of data packets, leading to inconsistent network performance. ⚡ Fast Segment Processing To improve network performance, fast segment processing is critical. Techniques include: ...

🌐 Introduction to TCP Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a connection-oriented protocol that provides reliable, ordered, and error-free delivery of data between applications. It ensures data integrity, error recovery, and flow control during data transmission. 🔄 TCP Service Model TCP provides the following services: Reliable Data Transfer: Guarantees the delivery of data in the correct order. Flow Control: Prevents network congestion by adjusting the rate of data transmission. Error Detection and Recovery: Uses checksums to detect errors and requires retransmissions in case of loss. Connection Establishment: Three-way handshake to establish a reliable connection. Connection Release: A formal process to terminate a connection. 🏷 TCP Segment Header The TCP segment header includes: ...

🚦 What is Congestion? Congestion occurs when too much data is sent through the network, overwhelming routers or links, causing: Packet loss Increased delay Throughput degradation It is similar to traffic jams on roads due to excess vehicles. 🧰 Congestion Control Techniques Open-Loop Control Prevention-based No feedback from network Techniques: Traffic shaping, admission control Closed-Loop Control Feedback-based Monitors network to detect congestion Techniques: Retransmission policies Window size adjustment Packet discarding strategies 📉 Indicators of Congestion Packet drops Queue build-up in routers Timeout-based retransmissions TCP slow-start triggering 📊 Algorithms & Mechanisms TCP Congestion Control ...